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This study explores the antidiabetic potential of polysaccharides extracted from Micromelum minutum (cemumar) leaves, a traditionally used but often overlooked medicinal plant. A rhamnose-rich polysaccharide was successfully isolated and demonstrated strong α-amylase inhibitory activity (86.23%), surpassing the standard drug acarbose (84.20%), with minimal side effects. Cytotoxicity analysis confirmed its safety for consumption. These findings suggest cemumar polysaccharides as promising natural alternatives for managing diabetes mellitus. This research highlights the value of traditional plants in developing safe, sustainable health supplements and reaffirms the potential of nature-based therapies for affordable diabetic care, especially in underserved communities.