Sheikh Muhammad Fadhlullah Baktal Sheikh Farhan Bakatal UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
Phosphorus pollution, originating from various sources like agriculture, untreated industry, and domestic wastewater, is a major cause of water contamination. It can trigger eutrophication, marked by an excessive supply of nutrients that fuel the rapid growth of algae and aquatic plants. This, in turn, can lead to harmful algal blooms, which severely reduce oxygen levels in the water and will affect the aquatic life, including fish and other creatures, suffers due to the lack of oxygen. The study aims to assess the performance of raw hard clam shells in removing phosphate from synthetic wastewater in batch experiment. Batch experiments were conducted using raw hard clam shells (particle sizes 1.18 to 2.36 mm) mixed in orbital shaker 170 rpm using Potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 100mL in certain time until equilibrium state. The batch experiment data evaluating their adsorption capacity, understanding the kinetics of phosphate adsorption, and analyzing the equilibrium relationship between phosphate concentration and adsorption. The data can also interpret the prediction contour of removal efficiency and mass of adsorbent needed under the different initial concentrations from batch experiment studies. The significant potential of this study is that the raw hard clam shells adsorbent is one of sustainable and eco-friendly materials for tackling phosphate pollution in future wastewater treatment.