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Visually impaired individuals often face difficulties in daily navigation due to the limitations of conventional white canes, which are only capable of detecting obstacles at ground level and within very short distances. This limitation increases the risk of collisions with objects at body or head level and reduces overall mobility efficiency. With advancements in embedded systems and sensing technologies, various studies have been conducted to develop smarter and more responsive mobility aids.

This study proposes the development of a smart blind cane that integrates the Arduino Uno microcontroller with an ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 to enhance obstacle detection capabilities. The sensor operates by measuring the time-of-flight of ultrasonic waves to determine object distance in real time. The acquired data is processed by the microcontroller and converted into audio warning signals using a buzzer, where variations in sound frequency indicate the proximity of obstacles.

The system design emphasizes detection accuracy, fast response time, and energy efficiency. Experimental results show that the system is capable of detecting obstacles across various distance ranges with low error rates and stable performance.

In conclusion, the proposed smart blind cane demonstrates significant improvements over conventional mobility aids by providing real-time obstacle detection and intuitive feedback. This innovation offers a practical, low-cost, and reliable solution that can enhance user safety, independence, and overall quality of life for visually impaired individuals.